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51.
Jin YH Kawamura A Park SC Nakagawa N Amaguchi H Olsson J 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(10):2886-2894
Environmental monitoring data for planning, implementing and evaluating the Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL) management system have been measured at about 8-day intervals in a number of rivers in Korea since 2004. In the present study, water quality parameters such as Suspended Solids (SS), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Total Nitrogen (TN), and Total Phosphorus (TP) and the corresponding runoff were collected from six stations in the Yeongsan River basin for six years and transformed into monthly mean values. With the primary objective to understand spatiotemporal characteristics of the data, a methodologically systematic application of a Self-Organizing Map (SOM) was made. The SOM application classified the environmental monitoring data into nine clusters showing exclusively distinguishable patterns. Data frequency at each station on a monthly basis identified the spatiotemporal distribution for the first time in the study area. Consequently, the SOM application provided useful information that the sub-basin containing a metropolitan city is associated with deteriorating water quality and should be monitored and managed carefully during spring and summer for water quality improvement in the river basin. 相似文献
52.
53.
Ioxynil, a phenolic herbicide, is known to exert thyroid hormone (TH) disrupting activity by interfering with TH-binding to plasma proteins and a step of the cellular TH-signaling pathway in restricted animal species. However, comparative studies are still lacking on the TH disruption.We investigated the interaction of [125I]ioxynil with serum proteins from rainbow trout, bullfrog, chicken, pig, rat, and mouse, using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Candidate ioxynil-binding proteins, which included lipoproteins, albumin and transthyretin (TTR), differed among the vertebrates tested. Rainbow trout and bullfrog tadpole serum had the lowest binding activity for ioxynil, whereas the eutherian serum had the highest binding activity. The cellular uptake of, and response to, ioxynil were suppressed by rat serum greater than by tadpole serum. The cellular uptake of [125I]ioxynil competed strongly with phenols with a single ring, but not with THs. Our results suggested that ioxynil interferes with TH homeostasis in plasma and with a step of cellular TH-signaling pathway other than TH-uptake system, in a species-specific manner. 相似文献
54.
Apportionment of TEQs from four major dioxin sources in Japan on the basis of five indicative congeners 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The major sources of dioxins (polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs)) in the environment in Japan have been considered to be combustion by-products, pentachlorophenol (PCP) formulations, chlornitrofen (CNP, 4-nitrophenyl-2,4,6-trichlorophenyl ether) formulations, and PCB products. Data on PCDDs, PCDFs and DL-PCBs from the four sources were analyzed, and indicative congeners whose concentrations were highly correlated with WHO-2006 toxic equivalencies (TEQs) were identified for each source sample. The indicative congeners for combustion by-products, PCP formulations, and CNP formulations were 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, and 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, respectively; for PCB products, the indicative congeners were IUPAC Nos. #126- and #105-pentachlorobiphenyls. Moreover, using the data on PCDDs, PCDFs and DL-PCBs, we developed a set of equations for estimating the apportionment of TEQs from the four sources by using only the concentrations of the above-mentioned five indicative congeners. The equations were used along with the analysis results of different types of environmental samples collected from Japan, to determine the TEQ contributions of the four sources. The obtained values of TEQ contributions seemed to be reasonable. The estimation method was developed by using the data on major dioxin sources in Japan, and therefore, it is generally adaptable to environmental samples from any part of Japan. The method may be usable for regions outside Japan if source identification is carried out and the estimation equations are modified appropriately. 相似文献
55.
Masahiro Miura Atsushi Shimahata Toshio Nishikawa Masakazu Aoyama Kiyoshi Tada Junichi Horiuchi Masahiro Nakahara Chikara Sakai 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2011,13(1):80-83
To prepare a substrate for microbial conversion of xylose into xylitol, the culm of Sasa senanensis was hydrolyzed with dilute sulfuric acid. When the reaction temperature was fixed at 121°C, an optimum yield of xylose was
obtained by treatment with 2% sulfuric acid for 1 h. An increase in the sulfuric acid concentration or a prolonged reaction
time resulted in a decrease in the xylose yield. A fermentable substrate with a relatively high xylose concentration (36.7
g l−1) was obtained by hydrolysis with 2% sulfuric acid with a liquid-to-solid ratio of 5 g g−1. During hydrolysis at elevated temperatures, certain undesired byproducts were also generated, such as degradation products
of solubilized sugars and lignin, which are potential inhibitors of microbial metabolism. These compounds were, however, successfully
removed from the hydrolysate by treatment with activated char. 相似文献
56.
Yasuyuki Kitamori Michihiro Mochida Kimitaka Kawamura 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(21):3416-3423
Aerosol water content (AWC) of urban atmospheric particles was investigated based on the hygroscopic growth measurements for 100 and 200 nm particles using a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer in Sapporo, Japan in July 2006. In most of the humidogram measurements, presence of less and more hygroscopic mode was evident from the different dependence on relative humidity (RH). The volume of liquid water normalized by that of dry particle (Vw(RH)/Vdry) was estimated from the HTDMA data for 100 and 200 nm particles. The RH dependence of Vw(RH)/Vdry was well represented by a fitted curve with a hygroscopicity parameter κeff. The κeff values for 200 nm particles were in general higher than those for 100 nm particles, indicating a higher hygroscopicity of 200 nm particles. Based on the κeff values, the volume mixing ratios of water-soluble inorganic compounds (ammonium sulfate equivalent) were estimated to be on average 31% and 45% for 100 and 200 nm particles, respectively. The diurnal variation of κeff, with relatively higher values in the noontime and nighttime and lower values in the morning and evening hours, was observed for both particle sizes. The Vw(RH)/Vdry values under ambient RH conditions were estimated from κeff to range from 0.05 to 2.32 and 0.06 to 2.43 for 100 nm and 200 nm particles, respectively. The degree of correlation between κeff and Vw(RH)/Vdry at ambient RH suggests a significant contribution of the variation of κeff to atmospheric AWC in Sapporo. 相似文献
57.
Amanda D. Melin Linda M. Fedigan Chihiro Hiramatsu Shoji Kawamura 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2008,62(5):659-670
Many species of platyrrhine primates are characterised by sex-linked color vision polymorphism. This presents an opportunity
to study the biology and ecology of individuals with different phenotypes living in the same group. Several evolutionary processes
could maintain polymorphic genes in populations. In this study, we evaluate the hypothesis that foraging niche divergence
among monkeys explains the presence of multiple color vision phenotypes. Specifically, we test whether dichromats and trichromats
differ in foraging time devoted to cryptic vs brightly colored resources. We did not find any differences in foraging time
spent on different food types by dichromatic and trichromatic monkeys in two groups of white-faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus) living in a tropical dry forest. We conclude that in so far as these variables are concerned, niche divergence does not
likely explain color vision polymorphism in our study population. 相似文献
58.
In Japan, especially in the Tokyo area, railway platforms are increasingly crowded with passengers during commuter rush hours for many reasons. It is a very important task for railway companies to reduce the risk of passengers being exposed to accidents. We built safety fences with automatic doors on the platform of Meguro Station, one of the stations of the Yamanote commuter line in Tokyo, in order to investigate whether safety fences are useful for preventing passengers from falling off the crowded platforms onto the tracks and being hit by moving trains during commuter rush hours. As a result of our investigations, we found that the safety fences with automatic doors do not hinder the flow of the passengers, and therefore concluded that fences are a useful way of reducing the risk of accidents to passengers. 相似文献
59.
Hongyu Huang Noriyuki Kobayashi Miwa Sakata Yuko Suzuki Fujio Watanabe Masanobu Hasatani Kiyoshi Matsuyama Shigenori Yoshida Yoshihito Mitsuhara 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(2):182-187
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) residues from the sodium dispersion (SD) process were employed as the raw materials for the
production of activated carbon using KOH activation. The pore properties, such as the specific surface area and pore size
distribution, were characterized using the Barrett–Joyner–Halenda method and the Horvath–Kawazoe method based on the N2 adsorption isotherm at 77 K. The activated carbon produced showed similar adsorption capacities and specific surface areas
to the commercially available product. The effects of the activation conditions on the porosity of the activated carbon produced
were studied. The most significant factor affecting the specific surface proved to be the activation temperature. The activated
carbon produced from PCB residues from the high-temperature (423–443 K) SD process had a binary pore size distribution well
developed in the 4 nm region and in the micropore region. The pore structure of the carbon produced from PCB residues from
the low-temperature (333–393 K) SD process had a wide range of micropores and mesopores. 相似文献
60.
Hiroyuki Katoh Takao Watanabe Hideaki Ohmori Kiyoshi Kawamura Yoshiaki Makino 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2005,7(1):55-64
The carbonization of dehydrated johkasou sludge was examined using batch-type equipment. Based on the temperature changes in the carbonization room and the gas combustion room, the carbonization process was divided into three phases: phase I, drying the sludge; phase II, thermal decomposition of the dried sludge; phase III, after phase II. The times required for phases I and II were strongly correlated with the amounts of water and solid matter, respectively, in dehydrated sludge. The reduction rate of the sludge on completion of phase I was about 90% on average, and the decomposition rate of solid matter increased with time during phase II or phase II plus phase III until it reached about 50%. TOC concentration of the eluate from the carbonized sludge was used as an index to evaluate the progress of the carbonization process, and the highest temperature in the carbonization room was recognized as an important operational factor. The specific surface area and pore volume of carbonized sludge were smaller than those of charcoals and activated carbons by 1–3 orders of magnitude and 1–2 orders of magnitude, respectively. No elution of heavy metals was observed from any of the carbonized sludges examined. The reduced amount of carbon in dehydrated johkasou sludge was estimated to be about 25% of the decomposed organic matter. 相似文献